Immigration Law at Ecuador
Ecuador's immigration system is governed by the Organic Law on Human Mobility (Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana), enacted on January 28, 2017, and reformed in February 2021. This law emphasizes the protection of human rights, non-discrimination, and the facilitation of legal migration.
🛂 Residency Options
1. Temporary Residency
Temporary residency visas are typically valid for two years and can be renewed. Applicants must demonstrate financial stability and meet specific criteria. Common categories include:
Investor Visa: Requires a minimum investment of $30,000 in Ecuador.
Pensioner Visa: Requires proof of a monthly pension income of at least $800.
Rentista Visa: Requires proof of a steady income of at least $2,000 per month from sources outside Ecuador.
Professional Work Visa: Requires a job offer from an Ecuadorian employer.
Student Visa: Requires enrollment in an accredited academic institution in Ecuador. (Ecuador - Residency - Expat Focus)
Temporary residents are issued an electronic visa and an Ecuadorian identity card (cédula) valid for two years. These visas are processed through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility. (Ecuador immigration policy - GOV.UK)
2. Permanent Residency
After maintaining temporary residency for at least 21 continuous months, individuals may apply for permanent residency. Permanent residents are allowed to leave Ecuador for up to 180 days per year during the first two years. After two years, they may remain outside Ecuador for up to two continuous years without losing their residency status. (PERMANENT RESIDENCY VISA FOR TIME OF PERMANENCY)
Permanent residents are eligible to apply for Ecuadorian citizenship after three years of residency. They may also vote in Ecuadorian elections and run for public office. (Here’s What You Need To Know About The New Ecuadorian Immigration Law – YapaTree)
🛂 Humanitarian and Special Visas
Ecuador offers humanitarian visas for individuals affected by natural or environmental disasters. These visas are valid for up to two years and may be extended if the reasons for their issuance persist. Applicants must not be considered a threat to internal security. (Organic Law on Human Mobility | United Nations Network on Migration)
⚖️ Legal Protections and Reforms
The 2017 law prohibits the criminalization of individuals based on their immigration status and ensures the protection of their rights. It also establishes procedures for recognizing statelessness and provides mechanisms for naturalization. In 2021, reforms were introduced to strengthen immigration controls, including grounds for inadmissibility and deportation. However, these measures are subject to due process guarantees as outlined in Ecuador's Constitution. (IACHR Hails Human Mobility Law in Ecuador, Ecuador: National Assembly Approves Amendment to Law on Human Mobility | Library of Congress)
📝 Application Process
Determine Visa Category: Choose the appropriate visa category based on your circumstances.
Prepare Documentation: Gather required documents, including proof of income, investment, or employment, and any necessary translations.
Submit Application: Apply through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Human Mobility or the nearest Ecuadorian consulate.
Attend Interview: Some visa categories may require an interview or additional documentation.
Receive Visa: Upon approval, you will receive your electronic visa and cédula. (Ecuador immigration policy - GOV.UK)
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