[21. Penalties.— If a default is made in filing under section 19, the particulars of any transaction of
assignment of receivables and realisation of receivables by a factor, such company and every officer of
the company who is in default shall be liable to penalty which may extend to five lakh rupees and in the
case of a continuing offence, with an additional penalty which may extend to ten thousand rupees for
every day during which the default continues, to be imposed by the Reserve Bank in accordance with the
provisions of subsections (2) to (4) of section 22.
22. Penalties for non-compliance of direction by Reserve Bank.— (1) If any factor fails to comply
with any direction issued by the Reserve Bank under section 6, or fails in filing the particulars of any
transaction of receivables and realisation of receivables under section 19, the Reserve Bank may impose a
penalty which may extend to five lakh rupees and in the case of a continuing failure, with an additional
penalty which may extend to ten thousand rupees for every day during which the default continues.
(2) For the purpose of adjudging the penalty under sub-section (1) or section 21, the Reserve Bank
shall serve notice on the factor requiring it to show cause why the amount specified in the notice should
not be imposed and a reasonable opportunity of being heard shall also be given to such factor.
(3) Any penalty imposed by the Reserve Bank under this section or section 21 shall be payable within
a period of fourteen days from the date on which notice issued by the Reserve Bank demanding payment
of the sum is served on the factor and in the event of failure of the factor to pay the sum within such
period, may be levied on a direction made by the principal civil court having jurisdiction in the area
where the registered office of the factor is situated; or, in the case of a factor incorporated outside India,
where its principal place of business in India is situated:
Provided that no such direction shall be made except on an application made to the court by the
Reserve Bank or any officer authorised by Reserve Bank in this behalf:
Provided further that the Reserve Bank may also recover the amount of penalty by debiting the
current account, if any, of the defaulter or by liquidating the securities held to the credit of the defaulter.
(4) The court which makes a direction under sub-section (3) shall issue a certificate specifying the
sum payable by the factor and every such certificate shall be enforceable in the same manner as if it were
a decree made by the court in a civil suit.]
1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2023, s. 2 and Schedule, for sections 21 and 22 (w.e.f. 22-01-2024).
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23. Offences.—If any person contravenes or attempts to contravene or abets the contravention of the
provisions of this Act or of any rules made thereunder, for which no specific penalty has been provided
for, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or
with both.
24. Cognizance of offences.—(1) No Court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under
this Act except upon a complaint in writing made by an officer of the Reserve Bank, generally or
specially authorised in writing in this behalf by the Reserve Bank.
(2) No Court other than that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or
a court superior thereto shall try any such offence punishable under this Act.
25. Offences by factors.—(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a factor, every
person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the factor, for
the conduct of the business of the factor, as well as the factor, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence
and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any
punishment provided in this Act, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or
that he has exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act has been
committed by a factor and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or
connivance of, or is attributable to, any neglect on the part of any director, manager, secretary or other
officer of the factor, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of
the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, a “director”, in relation to a factor means any officer
entrusted with the management of the whole or substantially the affairs of the factor.