Judgment Reviews Law at Cyprus
In Cyprus, the judicial system provides structured mechanisms for reviewing judgments, ensuring fairness and the correction of errors. Here's an overview of how judgment reviews are conducted:
⚖️ Judicial Review Mechanisms in Cyprus
1. Court of Appeal
Established on July 1, 2023, the Court of Appeal serves as the second-instance appellate court in Cyprus. It exercises appellate jurisdiction over the first-instance courts in civil, criminal, and administrative cases, as well as cases involving judicial review of administrative decisions and other decisions of courts of special jurisdiction. The Court of Appeal is composed of 16 judges and has the authority to:
Review and amend decisions from lower courts.
Receive further evidence upon questions of fact, based on special grounds.
Draw inferences of fact and make any judgment or order which ought to have been made.
Order a new trial if necessary.
However, the Court of Appeal does not have jurisdiction to review its own decisions or orders, except in rare cases where it can set aside a decision issued against the principles of natural justice. For instance, if a trial was conducted in the absence of a party's notice of the proceedings, the Court may reopen the case to restore justice.
2. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Cyprus has both original and appellate jurisdiction. In its appellate capacity, it is not bound by any determination on a question of fact made by the trial court and has the power to:
Review all the evidence.
Draw its own inferences.
Hear or receive further evidence.
Give any judgment or make any order which the circumstances of the case may justify, including an order for a retrial.
The Supreme Court also has the authority to issue prerogative writs (e.g., habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari) and to adjudicate cases involving constitutional matters. Additionally, it oversees the administration of justice and ensures the uniform application of the law.
3. Judicial Review of Administrative Decisions
Cyprus law allows for the judicial review of administrative decisions. This process enables individuals to challenge decisions made by public authorities that they believe are unlawful, unreasonable, or procedurally improper. The Court of Appeal handles such reviews, ensuring that administrative actions comply with the law and respect individuals' rights.
✅ Summary Table
| Court Level | Function | Appeal to Next Level |
|---|---|---|
| First-instance Courts | Handle initial cases in civil, criminal, and administrative matters | Court of Appeal |
| Court of Appeal | Reviews decisions from lower courts; hears cases in first instance and on appeal | Supreme Court |
| Supreme Court | Final appellate court; ensures correct application of the law | None (final decision) |
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