Biotechnology Law at Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan's legal framework for biotechnology is primarily focused on the regulation and control of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to ensure environmental safety and the conservation of genetic resources. The country's approach emphasizes precautionary measures, scientific oversight, and international cooperation.
Key Biotechnology Laws and Regulations in Azerbaijan
1. Law No. 273-IVQ on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources of Cultivated Plants (2011)
This foundational law establishes principles and procedures for the collection, conservation, research, and sustainable use of genetic resources of cultivated plants. It aims to ensure food security, ecological balance, and biodiversity conservation.
State management and control of genetic resources
Establishment and functioning of genetic resource banks.
Implementation of national programs for conservation and sustainable use.
Economic incentives for conservation efforts.
The law also addresses the use of GMOs, including the creation of plant varieties through biotechnology. It is implemented through various ministerial decrees. (
2. Ministerial Decree No. 259 (2013)
This decree outlines regulations related to GMOs, including:
Importation: Approval procedures for importing GM plants and planting materials for scientific research and testing.(
Zoning and Registration: Prohibitions on the use, zoning, and state registration of GM plants, with strict controls on their spread.
Detection and Deactivation: Rules for detecting the spread areas of GM plants and measures for their deactivation.ion: Conditions for exporting genetically modified traditional plants and samples of their genetic reserves.
The decree designates the Institute of Genetic Resources as the national coordinator and establishes a Scientific and Technical Council involving various ministries. (Leap)
3. Law No. 287-VQD Amending the Seed Act No. 257-IQ (2016)
This amendment prohibits the use of GM plants or planting materials in seed production. It adds a provision to the Seed Act, reinforcing the country's stance against the incorporation of GMOs in seed production.
4. National Biosafety Framework (2005)
Azerbaijan developed its National Biosafety Framework in line with the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The framework includes:
Establishment of laboratories for GMO testing.
Capacity building for risk assessment and regulation of GMOs.
Development of a national law on biosafety covering the manufacturing, processing, transportation, import, export, storage, and use of GMOs.
Amendments to existing laws to align with biosafety requirements.
Regulations on labeling of GMO products and state registration of GMO plant varieties.
🌐 International Commitments
Azerbaijan is a party to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which aims to ensure the safe transfer, handling, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology. The protocol establishes rules and procedures for the safe transboundary movement of LMOs, including requirements for risk assessments and public participation.
⚠️ Considerations and Challenges
While Azerbaijan has established a comprehensive legal framework for the regulation of GMOs, challenges remain in areas such as:
Implementation and Enforcement: Ensuring consistent application of laws and regulations across the country.
Public Awareness: Increasing public understanding of biotechnology and its implications.
International Cooperation: Enhancing collaboration with other countries and international organizations to address transboundary issues related to GMOs.
Ongoing efforts are needed to address these challenges and ensure the safe and sustainable use of biotechnology in Azerbaijan.
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